Computational methods for analyzing and understanding digital images.
An example could be detecting handwriting.
Assuming familiarity with Deep Neural Network a naive approach would be to map one pixel to the input network, have some hidden layers, then detect.
If you are new to Artificial Neural Network or Deep Neural Network.
A Deep Neural Network could be given for images.
As follows.
But actually, we are not (the network) is not interested into any specifics of the pixels in the image. Also, what if the images are moved 1 pixel to the left, then this would influence the network. Hence, this approach seems not to be very good.
Image Convolution is applying a filter that adds each pixel value of an image to its neighbors, weighted according to a kernel matrix.
A few techniques are given here.
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a Neural Networks that use convolution for analyzing images.
We will use the MNIST data base, which is a classical large datasets of handwritten digits.
Here is the code given below with some comments.
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, Flatten, Dense, Dropout
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MNIST_database
mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist
# Read the data
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
# Scale it to values 0 - 1
x_train = x_train / 255.0
x_test = x_test / 255.0
y_train = to_categorical(y_train)
y_test = to_categorical(y_test)
x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], x_train.shape[1], x_train.shape[2], 1)
x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0], x_test.shape[1], x_test.shape[2], 1)
# Creating a model
model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(28, 28, 1)))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(128, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dropout(.5))
model.add(Dense(10, activation='softmax'))
model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=10)
model.evaluate(x_test, y_test)
Which gives an accuracy on 98%.
Want to compare your result with a model using PyTorch?
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